also / too / even — inclusion particle
Form: noun + も. It replaces は, が, and を in the same slot. It stacks on top of に, で, から, まで, と — 日本にも行く I'll also go to Japan, 友達とも話した (I) also talked with a friend.
Meaning: signals that what's being said applies to this item in addition to another one — the other item was mentioned explicitly, or is understood from context.
Key uses:
- Also / too: 私も行く I'm going too (someone else is already going).
- Not... either (with a negative verb): お茶も飲まない (I) don't drink tea either.
- Even (surprise / emphasis): 子供も知っている even a child knows. Context — usually a surprising or extreme case — tells you it's even, not just too.
- Both A and B / Neither A nor B: the A も B も frame. 犬も猫も好きだ I like both dogs and cats; with a negative verb, 犬も猫も嫌い I like neither dogs nor cats.
vs. は: は contrasts (as for X, ...); も includes (X, too, ...). Same slot — swap the particle, don't add one on top.
Furigana is above every kanji; the pattern is already filled in.
私＿＿学生です。
I'm also a student. (following someone else who just said they were)
彼はコーヒー＿＿飲みません。
He doesn't drink coffee either.
田中さんも山田さん＿＿来ます。
Both Tanaka-san and Yamada-san are coming.